Nutrition for diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic disorders due to complete or relative lack of insulin. The pancreas is the only organ, weighing 70-100 grams, located in the abdominal cavity in the arch of the duodenum. It plays a key role in the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It also produces insulin, which regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the body. In the article, we will talk about what should be in nutrition in diabetes mellitus.

Types of diabetes

Doctors distinguish between different types of diabetes, based on the cause and course of the disease:

type I diabetes
• , insulin dependent;
Diabetes
• type II, which usually occurs later in life, especially in obese patients.

Type I diabetes usually results in damage to the pancreas. That is, primary damage to beta cells (those that produce insulin in the pancreas) and a complete deficiency in insulin secretion.

The initial symptoms of type I diabetes are severe thirst and hunger, unexplained weight loss, frequent urination of large amounts of urine, blurred vision, fatigue, chronic infections. In some cases, the onset is accompanied by convulsions, confusion, slurred speech, loss of consciousness. Type I diabetes is considered an immunological disease.

Type II diabetes is more common in obese people. The disease can be congenital or acquired and is characterized by a decrease in insulin secretion by the pancreas, as well as insulin resistance. This means that even the right amount of insulin in the body is not able to complete the task.

The disease is accompanied by excessive thirst and acute urination, slowly increasing blood sugar levels. The patient feels weak and drowsy. The disease often begins in middle-aged and elderly people. In recent years, however, the number of young patients with type II diabetes has increased dramatically. And an alarmingly large number of children and teenagers with this condition are overweight and obese.

Hyperglycemia what is

Hyperglycemia - blood glucose level is above normal. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include excessive thirst, dry mouth, frequency of urination, weight loss, excessive drowsiness during the day.

The most common cause of hyperglycemia is undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes. In people with diabetes, this condition can occur as a result of inadequate insulin.

Less often, infectious and endocrine diseases (acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome) lead to hyperglycemia. There is a high risk of developing late complications, especially in the cardiovascular system.

Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with dysfunction and dysfunction of various organs - the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.

Proper nutrition for diabetes

For diabetes prevention, diet is a very important part of therapy. It is necessary to maintain proper blood glucose and lipid levels and optimal blood pressure. A well-chosen diet reduces the risk of developing diabetes complications and reduces the risk of developing vascular disease. A suitable diet pattern for diabetes plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes. Including microvascular complications, retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others.

Eating diabetes mellitus is one of the main factors influencing diabetes outcomes.

Sugar is essential for life, but in this case it's best to remove the sugar bowl! In diabetes, carbohydrate metabolism is largely impaired. People diagnosed with diabetes should limit their sugar or carbohydrate intake.

Sugar

:

monosaccharides
• - glucose and fructose are found in fruit and honey;
Sucrose disaccharide
• is ​​sugar from a sugar bowl;
polysaccharides
• - flour products, cakes, cookies and bread, potatoes, bananas, noodles, dumplings, pasta, pancakes and much more.

Carbohydrates for diabetes

Carbohydrates are part of our diet. Their consumption should cover 55-60% of total demand. Much depends on the form and structure of carbohydrate origin. Carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract are digested and broken down into simple sugars - mainly glucose.

Please note that excess carbohydrates stimulate the constant stimulation of beta cells in the pancreas to produce and secrete insulin.

As our sugar levels rise, our pancreas guarantees insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter cells. Simple sugars, like glucose, are rapidly transported into cells in one hour.

Unfortunately, insulin is a hormone that lasts for several hours and does not like to be "out of work". Thus, elevated insulin levels cause fluctuations in blood glucose levels and carbohydrate hunger.

A hungry person opens the refrigerator and starts eating to satisfy the feeling of hunger. The adrenal glands receive information: fluctuations in blood glucose. All of these reactions are signals to secrete the adrenaline adrenal glands. This creates a vicious cycle leading to stress, depression and autonomic necrosis (neurasthenia).

Therefore, it is recommended that you reduce your carbohydrate intake as low as possible. In such a case, fluctuations in blood glucose levels and excessive production of insulin and adrenaline hormones do not occur.

Glucose passes through the walls of the digestive tract, and with the blood it enters various organs, where it is converted and becomes a source of energy. In the absence of adequate exercise, the need for energy decreases, glucose is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver.

When it is in excess, glycogen is converted to fat, resulting in a fatty liver and an additional accumulation of excess body fat. Insulin, the hormone produced in the pancreas, regulates the metabolic process of glucose.

Carbohydrates as the main source of energy can only enter the cell with the help of insulin, which distributes simple sugar in the body. However, insulin deficiency, for example, causes an increased increase in blood sugar levels, followed by heavy cellular metabolism. Diabetes in children and young people is caused by a general lack of insulin - type I diabetes.

Protein in diabetes mellitus

Protein

should cover 10-15% of energy needs. Babies need a larger size during the growing period, pregnant women. The most valuable - animal protein is found in lean meat, cottage cheese, eggs and sour milk.

Since our body can produce 56 g of sugar per 100 g of protein, it is also important to limit protein intake. In order not to harm the body, you need to eat high quality protein (yolks, meat offal). Sources of protein are vegetables - soybeans, legumes, dark bread made from wholemeal flour.

Diet for diabetes mellitus for and does not

In the diet for diabetes mellitus, at the first stage of treatment, foods such as egg yolk, butter, sour cream, milk, and unsweetened vegetables should be present.

At this time, you should significantly reduce or eliminate the diet: egg whites, lean meats, fish, poultry and nuts.

People with diabetes should not eat high protein meals or foods in the evening. At night, the body is unable to use it. Because the pancreas does not release enough insulin, blood glucose levels rise in the morning. In this case, a dinner consisting mainly of carbohydrates and fats is recommended.

Fats are the main energy. They can only cover 30% of daily energy consumption. More than that, they contribute to the development of obesity.

Spices like cinnamon, garlic, cloves, turmeric, and bay leaf lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels.

Can Diabetics Eat Fruits and Vegetables? Yes, because they are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. Fresh vegetables, including broccoli, are ideal for diabetics as a great source of chromium. Onion that can work to release insulin. Peel potatoes (boiled potatoes raise blood sugar too fast), asparagus, raw carrots, fresh cucumbers, sauerkraut, elderberry leaf and stem tea, and garlic.

Vegetables you can eat without significant restrictions:

tomato
• ;
• fresh and pickled cucumbers;
• raw and sauerkraut;
chicory
• ;
• kohlrabi;
raidis
• ;
• paprika;
lettuce
mushrooms
• ;
• zucchini.

Excellent anti-diabetic agent - fresh blue leaves, harvested before the fruits ripen. Blueberries May Prevent Diabetic Retinopathy - Studies have shown significant improvements in vision in people suffering from eye diseases during diabetes. This disease causes changes in the chest, which greatly interfere with blood flow to the eye.

Overweight diabetics (BMI over 25) are advised to limit their calorie intake for weight loss.

Food Glycemic Index

Blood glucose affects not only the amount of carbohydrates, but also their type. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount and quality of carbohydrates in the diet, but it is also desirable to calculate the glycemic index of the product.

Low GI foods are slow to digest and absorb, do not raise blood glucose rapidly, and do not stimulate insulin secretion. A low GI diet reduces the risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes.

The higher the GI value of a food, the higher the blood glucose level after eating that food. Foods with a high GI boost like blood glucose. Slow absorption and a gradual increase and decrease in blood sugar after eating low-GI foods helps control blood sugar in diabetes. It is best to eat foods that have a GI of less than 60.

The GI of foods is much lower when eaten in their natural form, that is, raw and unprocessed.

Diabetics are also advised to abstain from alcohol.